Vision Pro introduces spatial computing as a new Apple platform
Apple Vision Pro established a new spatial-computing product family built around eye, hand, and voice input, extending Apple's platform model beyond conventional screens.
Archive chapter
What changed across Apple in 2023: ecosystem turning points, hardware launches, software releases and the support boundaries that moved with them.
Historical context
Curated, source-backed moments that explain how products, software and technologies changed direction together. These records add context without duplicating the canonical product or OS facts below.
Apple Vision Pro established a new spatial-computing product family built around eye, hand, and voice input, extending Apple's platform model beyond conventional screens.
The iPhone 15 generation moved from Lightning to USB-C while Apple also refreshed the AirPods Pro 2 charging case with USB-C, marking a coordinated connector shift across major mobile accessories.
Technology threads
Software history
Verified public releases in 2023, including major-version milestones, maintenance updates and products that lost major-version support.
iPhone OS / iOS
20 public releases in this major line · 19 point updates
Contact Posters let you customize how you appear on other people’s devices when you call them with a customized poster
Stickers iMessage app brings all your stickers into one place including Live Stickers, Memoji, Animoji, emoji stickers, and your third party sticker packs
Leave a video or audio message to capture exactly what you want to say when someone does not pick up your FaceTime call
Full-screen experience with glanceable information like clocks, photos, and widgets designed to view from a distance when iPhone is on its side and charging in places such as your nightstand, kitchen counter, or desk
Interactive widgets let you take actions, like mark a reminder as complete, directly from the widget by tapping it on the Home Screen, Lock Screen, or in StandBy
NameDrop lets you exchange contact information with someone new by bringing your iPhones close together
Improved autocorrect accuracy makes typing even easier by leveraging a powerful transformer-based language model (iPhone 12 and later)
Profiles keep your browsing separate for topics like work and personal, separating your history, cookies, extensions, Tab Groups, and favorites
SharePlay makes it easy for everyone to control and play Apple Music in the car
Intelligent AirPlay device list makes finding the right AirPlay-compatible TV or speaker even easier by showing your devices in order of relevance, based on your preferences
Major-version support ended
iPadOS
28 public releases in this major line · 27 point updates
Redesigned Lock Screen gives you all new ways to personalize your Lock Screen by showcasing favorite photos, customizing font styles, displaying widgets, and more
Widgets on the Lock Screen let you glance at information like the weather, time, battery levels, calendar events, alarms and third party widgets
Stickers iMessage app brings all your stickers into one place including Live Stickers, Memoji, Animoji, emoji stickers, and your third party sticker packs
Leave a video or audio message to capture exactly what you want to say when someone does not pick up your FaceTime call
Health app on iPad is designed for the larger display, including the sidebar for quick navigation, rich details in Favorites, and interactive charts
Inline PDFs and document scans are presented full-width in your note, making it easy to view and mark-up a document you’re reviewing
Profiles keep your browsing separate for topics like work and personal, separating your history, cookies, extensions, Tab Groups, and favorites
Improved autocorrect accuracy makes typing even easier by leveraging a powerful transformer-based language model (iPad Pro 12.9-inch (5th generation and later), iPad Pro 11-inch (3rd generation and later), iPad (10th generation), iPad Air (4th generation and later), and iPad mini (6th generation))
Improved drawing with new tools, like fountain pen, ruler and watercolor as well as shape recognition
More flexible window positioning lets you create your ideal window layout with larger draggable areas for precise selection and positioning of apps
Major-version support ended
Apple TV Software / tvOS
9 public releases in this major line · 8 point updates
FaceTime on Apple TV 4K (2nd generation or later) enables you to spend time with family and friends on the big screen.
All-new design makes it more intuitive to manage Apple TV.
Ability to locate your Siri Remote (2nd generation or later) when it's nearby but out of sight.
Onscreen results now include expanded knowledge. Try asking "Is corn a fruit?" or "Where was Mozart born?”
Memories from your photos are perfectly framed for the TV with fluid animations and transitions. To enable, go to Settings > General > Screen Saver.
Enhance Dialogue gives you the option to hear speech more clearly over background sounds with HomePod (2nd generation) speakers paired to Apple TV 4K.
Apple Music Sing adds support for Continuity Camera so you can see yourself onscreen and apply visual effects with Apple TV 4K (3rd generation).
Stacks enables you to create your own fitness routine by grouping workouts or meditations.
Profiles now include system language preferences and AirPods pairings to further personalize the Apple TV experience.
Download VPN apps on the App Store for Apple TV to access services that can encrypt and route certain network traffic.
watchOS
13 public releases in this major line · 12 point updates
Use redesigned apps that utilize the rounded corners and full surface area of the display
Snoopy features over 100 different animations with Snoopy and Woodstock that respond to the time of day, local weather, and activity such as workout
View Memoji or photos of contacts
Cycling Workouts now support Bluetooth-enabled sensors like power meters, speed sensors, and cadence sensors with new power and cadence metrics
Icons in the corners provide quick access to Weekly Summary, Sharing, and awards
Create a workout and meditation schedule with Custom Plans
Last Cellular Connection Waypoint automatically estimates the last location on your route where your device was able to connect to your carrier's network
Walking radius shows roughly how long it might take to walk to nearby restaurants, shops, or other points of interests with rich information for places like hours, ratings, and more
See weather information quickly with background and contextual visual effects
State of Mind reflection allows you to log your momentary emotion or daily mood
Mac OS X / OS X / macOS
31 public releases in this major line · 30 point updates
Widgets could be placed directly on the desktop and interact with compatible controls.
Presenter Overlay and reactions expanded built-in video-conferencing presentation capabilities.
Safari added Profiles and the ability to save websites as dockable web apps.
Slow-motion landscape screen savers transformed into desktop backgrounds, alongside gaming-focused platform improvements.
Public release history
120 public point updates are recorded for this year. Expand a platform to inspect the version-by-version release dates.
Hardware releases
Filters below affect the hardware list only. Product relationships and generation deltas still come from the canonical lineage catalog.
15 catalogued products
Mac · Mac mini
The 2023 Mac mini extended Apple silicon to M2 and, for the first time in the line, an M2 Pro configuration.
Apple M2 Pro configuration for Mac mini.
Up to four Thunderbolt 4 ports on the M2 Pro model.
M2 and M2 Pro chip options, with M2 Pro supporting up to 32GB unified memory.
HDMI with support for up to 8K display output on the M2 Pro model.
Mac · MacBook Pro
The 2023 MacBook Pro update moved the 14-inch and 16-inch designs to M2 Pro and M2 Max while adding newer wireless and display connectivity standards.
M2 Pro and M2 Max chip configurations for the 14-inch and 16-inch MacBook Pro.
Wi-Fi 6E and Bluetooth 5.3.
HDMI output supporting up to an 8K display at 60Hz or a 4K display at 240Hz.
Up to 96GB unified memory on M2 Max configurations.
HomePod · Standard
Rebooted Apple's full-sized acoustic flagship using Apple S7 silicon, an optimized 5-tweeter beamforming array, a detachable standard power cord, native Matter/Thread smart-home integration, and built-in climate sensing.
Apple S7 System in Package (SiP) running advanced computational audio algorithms, real-time system monitoring, and automated room boundary mapping.
Re-engineered 5-tweeter horn-loaded beamforming array angled around the bottom perimeter, each equipped with its own neodymium magnet and dedicated amplifier.
Integrated Thread mesh networking radio and native Matter protocol support, establishing the speaker as an advanced smart home hub.
Apple U1 Ultra Wideband chip enabling directional iPhone proximity audio handoff and media controls.
Built-in ambient temperature and humidity sensor enabling automated smart home climate rules.
listens for smoke and carbon monoxide alarm sounds and broadcasts actionable alerts to iPhone, iPad, and Apple Watch.
Detachable standard figure-8 (IEC C7) braided power cable that plugs cleanly into a recessed chassis socket, eliminating the fixed captive cable design.
Recessed top touch surface with edge-to-edge illumination, enlarging the active multi-color Siri visual display area.
allows an Apple TV 4K to transmit audio from all connected television inputs (including gaming consoles) through the HomePod pair.
Midnight colorway crafted with 100% recycled mesh fabric, replacing Space Gray alongside White.
Acoustic driver configuration streamlined from 7 tweeters to 5 tweeters with optimized horn geometries.
Far-field microphone array reduced from 6 microphones to 4 microphones, maintaining voice pickup accuracy through updated DSP noise isolation.
Height reduced by 4 mm (from 172 mm to 168 mm); weight reduced by 200 grams (from 2.5 kg to 2.3 kg).
Silicon shifted from iPhone A-series (A8) to Apple Watch S-series (S7).
Wi-Fi standard switched to 802.11n (Wi-Fi 4) matching the S7 package radio.
Intro price lowered by $50 compared to the 1st generation launch ($299 vs $349).
7-tweeter circular array layout.
6-microphone circular listening array.
Captive non-detachable power cord.
Space Gray finish (replaced by Midnight).
4-inch high-excursion woofer with motor excursion sensor, real-time bass feedback calibration, spatial audio with Dolby Atmos support, and seamless 3D knitted mesh enclosure.
Apple Vision · Pro
Establishes Apple's spatial computing platform using custom micro-OLED displays, real-time dual-chip M2/R1 architecture, and an eyes, hands, and voice spatial interaction model.
Custom micro-OLED display system packing 23 million pixels across two stamp-sized displays with 7.5-micron pixel pitch, 92% DCI-P3 wide color gamut, custom three-element catadioptric lenses, and variable refresh rates up to 100Hz (90Hz, 96Hz, 100Hz).
Parallel processing combining an Apple M2 chip (8-core CPU, 10-core GPU, 16-core Neural Engine, 16GB unified memory with 100GB/s bandwidth) for visionOS computation and an Apple R1 co-processor dedicated to streaming 12 cameras, 5 sensors, and 6 microphones with 12ms photon-to-photon latency and 256GB/s memory bandwidth.
Replaces handheld physical controllers with high-accuracy eye tracking (4 internal IR cameras and LED illuminators) combined with hand gesture tracking (downward and peripheral tracking cameras) and Siri voice control.
Iris-based biometric authentication utilizing invisible infrared light patterns and encrypted local processing via the Secure Enclave processor.
Curved external OLED display with a lenticular lens layer that reveals the user's rendered eyes and visual cues indicating their level of immersion to nearby people.
Dual-driver audio pods positioned next to each ear deliver personalized Spatial Audio with dynamic head tracking and acoustic room ray tracing.
Dual-camera stereoscopic main camera system (18 mm, ƒ/2.00 aperture, 6.5 stereo megapixels) capable of spatial photo and spatial video capture.
Three-dimensionally formed laminated glass front fused to an aluminum alloy frame, interchangeable magnetically attached Light Seals and Cushions, Solo Knit Band and Dual Loop Band, paired with a separate 353g tethered aluminum battery pack to minimize weight on the face.
Mac Virtual Display wirelessly mirrors Mac displays into spatial 4K screens; supports iOS and iPadOS app ecosystems natively in visionOS windows.
Mac · Mac Pro
The 2023 Mac Pro completed Apple silicon’s transition across the Mac lineup while preserving the tower’s PCIe expansion role.
Apple M2 Ultra configuration for Mac Pro.
Six open PCIe Gen 4 slots, including two x16 slots.
Eight Thunderbolt 4 ports and two HDMI ports.
Up to 192GB unified memory and up to 24-core CPU configuration.
Mac · Mac Studio
The 2023 Mac Studio advanced the compact professional desktop to M2 Max and M2 Ultra while retaining its dense connectivity-focused form.
M2 Max and M2 Ultra configurations for Mac Studio.
HDMI 2.1 support for 8K display output at 60Hz.
Up to six Thunderbolt 4 ports on the M2 Ultra model.
Wi-Fi 6E and Bluetooth 5.3.
Mac · MacBook Air
The 15-inch MacBook Air established a larger-screen Air configuration while retaining M2, a fanless design, and the thin aluminum enclosure.
A 15.3-inch Liquid Retina display in a MacBook Air.
Six-speaker sound system with force-cancelling woofers and support for Spatial Audio.
Apple M2 chip, MagSafe charging, two Thunderbolt ports, and a fanless design.
Apple Watch · Series
The S9 SiP and its 4-core Neural Engine introduce on-device Siri processing, the Double Tap gesture, a 2,000-nit display, second-generation Ultra Wideband, and Apple's first carbon-neutral product configurations.
S9 SiP with 4-core Neural Engine
Custom Apple silicon integrating a dual-core CPU with 5.6 billion transistors (60% more than the S8), a 30% faster GPU, and Apple's first dedicated 4-core Neural Engine in an Apple Watch, accelerating machine learning workloads up to 2x faster than the S8 SiP.
Double Tap gesture
Powered by the S9's 4-core Neural Engine running an advanced machine learning algorithm that processes data from the accelerometer, gyroscope, and optical heart sensor (detecting micro-movements and microscopic blood flow fluctuations in the wrist when the index finger and thumb touch twice).
Released in watchOS 10.1 as a system-wide primary navigation paradigm allowing users to control primary button actions in apps with one hand (answering/ending phone calls, capturing photos with Camera Remote, playing/pausing audio, stopping timers, snoozing alarms, opening/scrolling the Smart Stack) without touching the display screen.
Unlike the legacy AssistiveTouch accessibility feature (which uses coarser heuristic clenches/pinches with visual halos and battery impact), Double Tap is an ambient, low-latency, zero-battery-penalty native interaction method requiring the S9 Neural Engine.
On-device Siri processing and private health logging
Dictation and speech-to-text processing executed locally on the S9 Neural Engine, making dictation up to 25% more accurate than Series 8.
Siri processes commands that do not require external internet information (starting workouts, setting alarms, checking local timers) completely on-device with near-instant responsiveness; enables private queries and logging of health data (e.g., asking "How did I sleep last night?" or logging medications) directly to the Health app.
Second-generation Ultra Wideband (UWB) chip
Next-generation UWB wireless transceiver replacing the original U1 chip.
Enables Precision Finding for paired iPhone 15 family devices (providing directional guidance, distance metrics, and haptic/auditory feedback); triggers automatic Now Playing media controls when approaching within 4 meters of a HomePod.
2,000 nits peak display brightness and 1 nit minimum
Upgraded display driver architecture doubles maximum outdoor brightness to 2,000 nits (matching the original Apple Watch Ultra) while adding the ability to dim down to 1 nit in dark rooms or theaters to preserve night adaptation and avoid disruption.
Flash storage increased from 32GB on Series 8 to 64GB as standard on all configurations.
Selected aluminum case models paired with Sport Loop bands meet Apple's carbon-neutral criteria (100% clean electricity for manufacturing, 30%+ recycled or renewable content by weight, 50%+ non-air transportation, and verified carbon offsets).
Doubled from 1,000 nits (Series 8) to 2,000 nits.
(minor): Lowered to 1 nit (down from 2 nits on previous generations).
Replaced A13-derived S8 core with S9 microarchitecture.
(minor): Improved by 25% due to on-device Neural Engine processing.
Apple completely stopped offering leather watch bands and accessories across its lineup, replacing them with FineWoven and recycled yarn textiles.
Maintained the case footprint, curvature, and 1.7mm display borders established in Series 7.
Retained the dual-sensor temperature array for nighttime sampling and retrospective ovulation estimates.
Retained the 256g high-g accelerometer, HDR gyroscope, barometer, and microphone crash detection architecture.
Preserved the 18-hour all-day standard battery baseline (up to 36 hours in Low Power Mode).
Retained IP6X dust resistance and WR50 water resistance (50 meters).
Apple Watch · Ultra
Empowered by the S9 SiP, the second-generation Ultra pushes peak display brightness to 3,000 nits, integrates on-device Siri and the Double Tap gesture, and expands operating altitude tolerances from -500 to 9,000 meters.
S9 SiP architecture in the Ultra chassis
Custom Apple silicon packaging 5.6 billion transistors, a 30% faster GPU, and a dedicated 4-core Neural Engine that executes machine learning workloads up to 2x faster than the S8 SiP.
3,000 nits peak display brightness
Advanced display architecture pushes maximum brightness to 3,000 nits—a 50% increase over the original Ultra (2,000 nits)—making it Apple’s brightest display at announcement, while adding the ability to dim down to 1 nit in pitch-dark environments.
Double Tap gesture
Enabled exclusively by the S9's 4-core Neural Engine processing real-time sensor streams from the accelerometer, gyroscope, and optical heart sensor (detecting micro-changes in wrist blood flow when tapping index finger and thumb together).
Provides one-handed device control in demanding sports and outdoor contexts (such as holding trekking poles, bike handlebars, climbing gear, or ski poles) to perform primary actions such as stopping timers, answering calls, or scrolling the Modular Ultra face.
Off-grid on-device Siri
Speech recognition and dictation processed locally on the Neural Engine (up to 25% more accurate).
Full offline Siri capability in remote wilderness environments without cellular or Wi-Fi connectivity for setting waypoints, starting workouts, timing intervals, and logging private health metrics directly into the Health app.
Second-generation Ultra Wideband chip
Next-generation UWB transceiver enables Precision Finding for iPhone 15 family devices with directional indicators and distance readouts.
Tested environmental envelope expanded to operate from 500 meters below sea level (lowest land valleys) up to 9,000 meters above sea level (accommodating extreme mountaineering up to Mount Everest's peak).
(minor): Capitalizes on the 49mm display border by utilizing the outer perimeter edge to present real-time seconds, altitude, or water depth; supports automatic ambient-light night mode switching.
(minor): Depth app automatically records underwater dive sessions and saves logs to the Fitness app on iPhone with GPS entry points.
The 49mm titanium enclosure is manufactured with 95% recycled aerospace-grade titanium, achieving certified carbon neutrality when paired with Trail Loop or Alpine Loop bands.
Expanded onboard flash storage from 32GB to 64GB.
Increased by 50%, from 2,000 nits to 3,000 nits.
Extended from up to 60 hours (original Ultra) to up to 72 hours in Low Power Mode via watchOS power optimizations, while retaining the 36-hour normal use baseline.
(minor): Transitioned from virgin titanium to 95% recycled titanium alloy.
Retained the ruggedized enclosure geometry with a raised perimeter lip to safeguard the flat crystal against edge shocks.
Customizable physical Action button
International orange tactile physical button on the left edge remains the central physical interaction point for gloved and wet use.
Instant actuation of Workouts, Segments, Compass Waypoints, Backtrack, Flashlight, Diving, or custom Shortcuts.
Retained the dual-frequency antenna array and custom positioning algorithms for high-accuracy tracking in dense terrain.
Maintained 100m water resistance, recreational scuba compliance to 40m, integrated depth gauge, and water temperature sensor.
Preserved the dual-speaker acoustic emergency beacon audible up to 600 feet (180 meters).
Retained dual-sensor wrist temperature system, ECG electrical heart sensor, and Crash Detection safety system.
iPhone · Standard
USB-C, Dynamic Island, and a 48MP main camera move recent Pro ideas into the standard tier.
USB-C replaced Lightning on the standard iPhone.
The adaptive island interface moved from Pro to the standard tier.
The standard iPhone adopted a 48MP main camera with a 2x telephoto option.
iPhone · Plus
The large mainstream branch gains USB-C, Dynamic Island, and the 48MP camera platform.
The Plus branch moved from Lightning to USB-C.
iPhone · Pro
Titanium, Action button, A17 Pro, and USB-C reshape the Pro hardware platform.
A titanium band replaced the stainless-steel Pro frame and reduced weight.
A configurable Action button replaced the long-standing mute switch.
The Pro chip introduced a new GPU architecture with hardware-accelerated ray tracing.
iPhone · Pro Max
The Max branch adds the 5x tetraprism Telephoto system to the titanium generation.
A tetraprism design delivered a longer 5x optical Telephoto reach on Pro Max.
Mac · iMac
The 2023 24-inch iMac moved to M3 while retaining the M1-generation 24-inch all-in-one design and 4.5K Retina display.
Apple M3 chip with hardware-accelerated ray tracing and mesh shading.
Wi-Fi 6E and Bluetooth 5.3.
Up to 24GB unified memory.
24-inch 4.5K Retina display and seven-color enclosure design.
Mac · MacBook Pro
The 2023 MacBook Pro range introduced the M3 family, adding a 14-inch entry configuration alongside M3 Pro and M3 Max professional models.
M3, M3 Pro, and M3 Max chip configurations across the 14-inch and 16-inch MacBook Pro range.
A 14-inch MacBook Pro configuration with the base M3 chip.
Space black finish on M3 Pro and M3 Max configurations.
Hardware-accelerated ray tracing and mesh shading in the M3 GPU architecture.